Machine learning further applies processes over an Android mobile application by Tensorflow which is an essential ML framework. How to Apply Machine Learning to Android. There is a number of machine learning frameworks available and we pick up here Tensorflow for example. TensorFlow is an open source software library for machine learning, developed by Google and currently used in many of their projects. In this article, we will create an Android app that can recognize five types of fruits. Machine learning model inside your mobile app. No install necessary—run the TensorFlow tutorials directly in the browser with Colaboratory, a Google research project created to help disseminate machine learning education and research. It's a Jupyter notebook environment that requires no setup to use and runs entirely in the cloud.
TensorFlow is an open source software library for machine learning, developed by Google and currently used in many of their projects.
An easy, fast, and fun way to get started with TensorFlow is to build an image classifier: an offline and simplified alternative to Google’s Cloud Vision API where our Android device can detect and recognize objects from an image (or directly from the camera input).
In this article, we will create an Android app that can recognize video-game characters.
An official TensorFlow Android image classifier sample is available on the main GitHub repository.
However, if you want to build it, it will take you some time, as you’ll need to install the NDK, Bazel, and the total build time with Android Studio will take around 40 minutes.
That’s not really compatible with my initial “easy, fast, and fun” description, so instead I’ve created a gradle standalone prebuilt fork of the TensorFlow 1.4.0 Android sample at github.com/Nilhcem/tensorflow-classifier-android you can directly clone, import on Android Studio and run within 2 minutes:
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If you want to port the TensorFlow official Android Sample to a prebuilt Android Studio project by yourself, you will need to:
org.tensorflow.demo), to have an already set up gradle configuration (commit)compile 'org.tensorflow:tensorflow-android:1.4.0'tensorflow_demo native library that contains methods for RGB -> YUV conversion (commit). This step is optional as the sample app provides a Java fallback if native methods from libtensorflow_demo.so could not be loaded.OPTIONAL (end)
Once you have imported the TensorFlow Android sample, run it with Android Studio and start detecting things
Right now, the TensorFlow sample uses “Inception”, a model pre-trained to detect 1000 objects from ImageNet 2012 Challenge image dataset.
We are going to transfer learning, which means we are starting with a model that has been already trained on another problem. We will then be retraining it on a similar problem. Deep learning from scratch can take days, but transfer learning can be done in short order.
And for that, we’ll need some data….
Inception works well with a various set of images (at least 30 images, more is better).
We will create a ~/tf_files/games folder and place each set of jpeg images in subdirectories (such as ~/tf_files/games/mario, ~/tf_files/games/bomberman etc)
A quick way to download multiple images at once is to search something on Google Images, and use a Chrome extension for batch download.
Now that we have all our images, we will retrain the model.
We can use a docker container to have an already set up TensorFlow environment:
This operation can take several minutes depending on how many images you have and how many training steps you specified.
These commands will make TensorFlow download the inception model and retrain it to detect images from ~/tf_files/games.
The script will generate two files: the model in a protobuf file (retrained_graph.pb) and a label list of all the objects it can recognize (retrained_labels.txt).
For more information, the best tutorial you can find on the Internet so far is Google’s TensorFlow for Poets codelab (I highly recommend you to read it)
We have our model. However, if we try to import it in our Android sample, we will get an error:
The reason is actually simple: to be kept small, the mobile TensorFlow library only contains a subset of operations.
Some operations, such as BatchNormWithGlobalNormalization, are only used during the training (on your desktop / cloud computer), and therefore are not needed on mobile.
To use our retrained model on a mobile device, we need to optimize it first, using a tool named optimize_for_inference, that removes all nodes that aren’t needed, among other optimizations. Download the table vgr for android.
This script will generate after a few minutes a ~/tf_files/optimized_graph.pb file you will now be able into include in your Android project.
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While we could use the model on mobile already, let’s make another optimization to drastically reduce the model size once compressed (in my case, the Android APK size will decrease from 96MB to 46MB after this optimization)
This step will generate a file named ~/tf_files/rounded_graph.pb.
It is a good idea to test this new model, to verify that the optimization hasn’t had too negative an effect on the model’s performance.
OPTIONAL (end)
For more information about mobile optimizations, I suggest you to follow the Tensorflow for Poets 2: Optimize for Mobile codelab.
We have our retrained model.
We can now delete the previous ImageNet model from the Android app’s assets folder and place the new model (~/tf_files/optimized_graph.pb (or ~/tf_files/rounded_graph.pb) and ~/tf_files/retrained_labels.txt) instead.
Also, we should update some constants in the ClassifierActivity.java, as specified in a comment in this same file:
We have installed the new AI model. Now, we can deploy the project on an Android device, and have fun detecting objects using our new retrained AI:
Using TensorFlow on Android Things is a little bit easier than on Android.
There is already an official gradle sample project that works out-of-the-box with the ImageNet model, and which can be deployed quickly: github.com/androidthings/sample-tensorflow-imageclassifier/.
And if you want to use your own custom model instead, you will simply need to do exactly the same steps explained in this article (Android Things is Android, after all):
.pb and .txt files) in the app/assets directoryapp/build.gradle fileHelper.java file
(I shamelessly stole this LCD picture idea from @riggaroo’s latest conference. Don’t tell her.)
You can watch the custom classifier in action, on this YouTube video.
The LCD driver used is the 1602 LCD module driver.
In this post, you saw something completely useless: using deep learning to classify video game characters, but you could do something funnier, like a dab detector shifumi game, for instance.
Better, you could create a robot that changes its behaviour and its way of talking according to who’s in front of it (a child / an adult).
You can use deep learning algorithm to identify skin cancer, or detect defective pieces and automatically stop a production line as soon as possible.
Why not even create a sign language recognizer?
Have fun!